No Child Left Behind Standardization - 1608 Words

The large change for standardization began with the implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2001. According to professors of education Delilah David, Ingrid Haynes, Bernnell M. Peltier-Glaze, Summer Pannell, and head of Texas Marshall County school district, Carrie Skelton, the NCLB was responsible for a number of undesirable consequences in school administration. Districts became responsible for test scores from individual schools, creating pressures among administrative officials to perform well. The act also made it easier for the federal government to become more involved in education, primarily in its finances. Dr. Martin Wasserburg conducted an assessment of lower-income schools in an urban area and found that t†¦show more content†¦However, the NCLB has fallen far too short of its goal. Standardized testing has not only failed to help disadvantaged students, but has hurt them and their districts as well (Wasserberg). Write more The increase of standardization in education in the years following the NCLB’s implementation brought more undesirable consequences, one of them being the pressure placed on teachers to perform well. More now than ever, teachers are accountable for the test scores and performances given by individual students (Wiliam, Dylan). In fact, the main purpose of standardized testing is not to assess the contextual knowledge of students, but rather to act as an assessment of teacher performance and quality. Teachers are held more accountable for the scores of their students than the students themselves are, despite the proven lack of control that teachers have over test scores. This particular facet of the American education system sets us apart other developing countries, where students are held as equally accountable to their scores as teachers are. According to Dylan Wiliam, two-thirds of the reasoning behind test scores can be traced back to socioeconomic factors, further show ing that teachers have a small influence in a student’s test score, and that they should not be assessed based on them alone. WhenShow MoreRelatedCommon Core s Supporters And Non Supporters974 Words   |  4 Pagesschool system is desperately needed. The United States has fallen behind its peers in the international communities, who participate in the Programme for International Student Assessment, in almost every measurable scholarly subject. Therefore, the United States needs to help its students to become better scholars so they can internationally compete in the business market place. Common Core is also trying to bring a standardization of learning and cohesiveness to all schools across the United StatesRead MoreAmerica s Education Over The Course Of Time1007 Words   |  5 Pagesexample with his school in Chicago. â€Å"During the last thirty-five years with the establishment of the Dewey school in Chicago the elementary area of education in America has become increasingly dominated by the whole-child concept† (Ohio State Universiy Press, 1938). The slogan â€Å"the whole child goes to schoo l† describe a concept that Dewey would work to put into use with his schools in Chicago. However, John Dewey: Educational Philosopher explains how Dewey and his ideas were not always accepted. â€Å"BecauseRead MoreEssay on Standardized Testing1458 Words   |  6 PagesNo Child Left Behind Act and Standardized Testing: State, National, and International American Education has been a work in progress for the past century and a half. To measure its progress, successes, and failings, there are standardized tests. These tests have been used to compare schools, states, and nations. The key subjects being tested as a universal measure are mathematics, reading, and science. To help improve the scores on these tests, the United States put into law the No Child LeftRead MoreNo Child Left Behind and the Common Core State Standards700 Words   |  3 PagesThe main goal of both No Child Left Behind and the Common Core State Standards are to have students perform better primary in Language Arts and Mathematics, though the Common Core State Standards does branch out into other subjects, like Science. With No Child Left Behind, there is a focus on testing on Language Arts and Mathematics and schools that do not improve would face sanctions. With the Common Core State Standards, there is still a focus on testing primary in Language Arts and Mat hematicsRead MoreThe Mcdonaldization Of Society By George Ritzer999 Words   |  4 Pagesmechanistic worldview that applies to the state of education in American society. The calculability idea behind standardization is that each student’s level of progress is measured against set averages. This in theory is supposed to efficiently enable administrators and district officials to hold teachers accountable for the success of their students. The unfortunate result is that standardization limits a teachers’ ability to teach a variety of purposeful topics, prohibits them from diving furtherRead MoreEducational System Reform1071 Words   |  4 Pagesenvy of the world, yet today it has slipped to mediocre at best. Although most people agree that the system needs reform, there are a wide variety of different ideas about how to do so. Some call for privatization of the system, other believe standardization is the proper route, and still others call for more liberalization and resources be devoted to the system similar to some other countries such as Finland. Although many other systems around the world have shown remarkable results, simply mimic kingRead MoreNation At Risk Gave Rise To Two Major Education Reform974 Words   |  4 PagesNation at Risk gave rise to two major education reform movements; accountability and school choice. Federal government started thinking about testing, and standardization, which resulted in No Child Left Behind (NCLB), and Race to the Top. McGuinn’s No Child Left Behind (NCLB), describes the politics of accountability as setting a standard for teachers, testing students to see if the schools meet the set standards, and then holding the schools and teachers accountable for not achieving those standardsRead MoreHigh-Stakes Testing, the Standardized Classroom, and the Marginalization of Multicultural Education1817 Words   |  8 Pagestogether to solve the world’s problems.† These statements by James A. Banks have made a profound impact on my view towards multicultural education and the nation’s current trend of standardization and high-stakes testing. Scholarly res earch shows that the emphasis placed on testing and standards, mandated by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, is causing teachers to focus entirely on basic skills in reading, writing, and math (Banks Banks, 2010). This focus on basic skills is taking much needed timeRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Standardized Testing871 Words   |  4 PagesThe Negative Effects of Standardized Testing The purpose of the No Child Left Behind Act is designed to close the achievement gap between high/low performing children and improve/strengthen accountability amongst schools (Department of Education). As a result, the Department of Education has implemented a sanctions and rewards system, stipulated in the No Child Left behind Act. If schools do not perform according to the act, funding will be withdrawn, teachers and administrators could get laid offRead MoreTesting And De Grading Schools : Authentic Alternatives For Accountability And Standardization1080 Words   |  5 PagesGuerrero July 4, 2015 EDDL 941 Book Review Bower, J., Thomas, P. L. (Eds.). (2013). De-testing and de-grading schools: Authentic alternatives to accountability and standardization. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc. Synopsis: I found De-testing and de-grading schools: Authentic alternatives to accountability and standardization by Bower and Thomas, an interesting read and consistent with the critiques of high stakes testing and assessment we’ve read about and watched in this class. It is a

The Rover, By Aphra Behn Essay - 1205 Words

Literature, in its many forms, captures the essence of human experience. Emotions, memories, hopes, and dreams are all frozen in time so that they never be forgotten. Yet, time destroys all things, and as time marches on the purpose behind such raw displays of human essence are sometimes forgotten. Within a modern society, the idea that women have, and should, express their desires, passions, and opinions comes by naturally. However, this universal truth was not always deemed acceptable. There was a time where female sexuality, personal identity, and desires were simply dismissed. It is with this knowledge in mind that the meaning behind Aphra Behn’s comedy The Rover is felt in full force. With the historical context of the Restoration period taken into account, Behn’s work becomes something far more than just a play inspired to bring an audience a good laugh. It is a testament to the skill of a woman, who took the title of professional writer for herself, despite a ti me period where such an action was met with contemp. It is a critique on a society that held no respect for women as individuals. Finally, it is a subtle, but vital push to change that misogynistic view. Through a complex and developed female cast, as well as bold depictions of sexuality, Behn’s play critiques and challenges Restoration views of women. Before analyzing the play, itself, it is of significant importance to better understand the level of opposition faced by Behn during her time. Perhaps one ofShow MoreRelated`` The Rover `` By Aphra Behn1445 Words   |  6 Pages Between the classifications of virgin and prostitute lay a void, not a range; one could give the entire freight or nothing. Performed in 1677, Aphra Behn s play, The Rover addresses this twofold standard, which restricted her female companions sexual cravings to the domain of religious community, massage parlor, or home. Set free in the upside down universe of Festival, her characters show the dynamic, entangled amusement required of ladies looking to secure individual satisfaction. TheRead MoreThe Rover by Aphra Behn Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pages In The Rover by Aphra Behn the reader is shown how all a woman could do during the 1600’s in Europe was sell herself through marriage or prostitution through the characters Hellena and Angellica. Both women have different views on love, sex, and marriage. Hellena is a woman who does not want to be controlled by men. It has been determined by her father and brother that she will join a nunnery, which she rejects. Hellena doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t want her desires to be controlled and feels she has the right to loveRead MoreAphra Behn - Gender Economics in the Rover3540 Words   |  15 PagesTERM PAPER Gender Economics of Restoration and Aphra Behn INTRODUCTION The Restoration era allowed women to step into what was historically an essentially masculine space, that of literary and theatrical production. As women stepped on stage, they entered a market- they were commodities displayed to attract a larger crowd towards the theatre. Thus even though through writing or acting a woman could gain financial independence, unlike men they weren’t selling their work, they were ostensiblyRead MoreGender Stereotypes By Aphra Behn  ¬Ã‚ ¥ s The Rover Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesGender Stereotypes in Aphra Behn ´s The Rover The social and sexual freedom that came with the Puritan Protectorate in 1660 did not apply for women. Instead, there was a double standard for men and women. Men had all liberties they wanted to have, but for women there were still only three roles: Nun, prostitute or wife (Goodson, para. 1). Aphra Behn picks up on this issue in her play The Rover, which premiered on March 24, 1677. Certainly, the play contains powerful female characters like HellenaRead MoreThe Feminist: Aphra Behn Essay786 Words   |  4 Pagescentury a writer named Aphra Behn emerged as leader in English literature. With a shaky beginning, Behn persevered to become the first female professional writer. With her feminist opinions, she revolutionized writing and her impacts in the 17th century would change modern day writing. Behn was a clever writer who wrote lively, vibrant plays and poetry. Behn impacted the world, not only with her writing, but also with her determination and voice about her feminist opinion s. Behn showed strength andRead More A Patriarchic Society in Aphra Behns The Rover Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesSociety in Aphra Behns The Rover In her play The Rover, Aphra Behn uses the treatment of women to suggest the presence of a strong patriarchic society and what harm can become of it. The main female character Florinda is manipulated, used, and treated horribly by men in instances of near-rape, battering and beating, and foul language among other things. Behn also uses Willmore, one of the main male characters, and his attitude towards women to prove her point. By doing this, Behn is suggestingRead MoreThe Rover Analysis2460 Words   |  10 PagesIn Aphra Behns â€Å"The Rover,† characters define relationships as a type of economy where value and use are key. This time period commodified love and sexuality, valuing financial success over meaningful relationships. The dowry system made rich women with a high status most desirable for marriage and their value was increased by their honor. Typical of seventeenth century literature, Behn plays with this ideology as â€Å"the language of love in Restoration co medies frequently draws on the language ofRead MoreResearch Paper : Aphra Behn1320 Words   |  6 PagesMaia Davis Orlando/4A English 2302 Research Paper: Aphra Behn In a time when very few authors - let alone female authors - could support themselves through their craft, Aphra Behn was a well known and highly regarded writer in London. She wrote many plays for the London stage, penned poetry, and wrote what some consider the first English novel (though others consider it a novella or a somewhat long short story). Much of her work decries the unequal treatment of women in her era, and she sufferedRead More Aphra Behns Oroonoko as the First Modern Novel Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesmatter the quality, publications written by women were typically ridiculed by their male contenders.   However, a handful of women defied the common standards and were prosperous; one of these was Aprha Behn.   Virgina Wolf says of Behn, All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the tomb of Aphra Behn, for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds.   Although she was a woman of outstanding accomplishments, one of her publications truly g listens.   Oroonoko (1688), the epic tale ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Elin Diamond 757 Words   |  4 Pageslarger dowry s to attract more beneficial suitors. The unexpected side effect of these actions led to a change in how men would look at women. Women no longer were looked at as potential lovers or ladies but rather price tags and financial benefit. Aphra recognized this idea and Elin explains in her play how this new identity was reflected in The Feigned Courtesans. The women seek to be rid of their attachments to the patriarchal policies of selling their daughters into slavery to other men for pure

Consumer Scenario Mental Status Examination

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Scenariofor Mental Status Examination. Answer: Holistic Assessment and Planning: The Mental Status Examination General Appearance and Behaviour Adam, a15-year-old Caucasian man, tall but slim for his age. At the time of examination, he was not dressed well; hairs not combed properly and had dark circles. He was quiet and sullen throughout the interview. During the interview, he responded to most of the questions with yes or no. He was not making eye contact and had poor concentration level. It was observed that the patient was clasping his hands during the interview, looking down at the floor and was almost murmuring (monash.edu.au, 2016). Speech Slow speech: It was observed that he was with slow speech, almost whispering. He answered to all the questions, but at slower pace. Affect and Mood It was found that affect was depressed and the patients mood was low. When Adam was asked to rate his feeling, he rated 3 out of 10 and said he did not feel better that that ever (psychclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu, 2016). Thought 1.Stream It was found that the patients thought stream was decreased. Form Adam was observed with no formal thought disorders as he did not have disordered speech or unorganized thinking. He answered to all the questions precisely. Content Adam felt guilty and considered him a failure. It was clear from the mental status examination that Adam had other negative symptoms like self-harm. Perception It was observed that Adam had normal perception. Symbols of misinterpretation, depersonalization or illusion were not observed. Cognition Adam was aware and had no disorientation issues. He was conscious about time, place and persons. Besides, he had no difficulties in recollecting previous incidents. Moreover, he was capable of answering all the questions as evident from the medical status examination. Suicidality Adam was not observed with any suicidal ideation or tendency. However, the patient admitted that he had intention of self-harm. When the patient was inquired about suicidal thoughts, he denied and said he needed sound sleep and was tired of taking medicines. Insight and Judgment The patient was aware of his mental ailment and was opened to proper diagnosis and treatment. He cooperated with the mental state examiner. Adam showed compliance with the entire medical procedure and willing to get a speedy recovery (Greenham Persi, 2014). A Clinical Formulation Table Predisposing (Early life incidents) Precipitating (Incidents that resulted in the ongoing crisis) Perpetuating (Factors constantly contributing to the crisis) Presenting (The crisis or problem which has occurred) Protective factors (Coping skills and strength) Biological determinants The patient was on antidepressant treatment. He received extensive counseling for CSA. He was admitted to hospital for depressive episodes with suicidal ideation. Adams parents suffered from marital problems. The patient was reluctant to have food. He had low appetite. He was under medications and counseling. Hence, he was tired and restless. Adam had dark circles Adam was compliant to medication and the treatment procedures. Psychological contributors The patient, Adam became a victim of sexual abuse at an age of 6 years. Adams uncle who was the perpetrator would be released from jail shortly. Hence, he was traumatized Adam had low mood and loss of drive. He was depressed and unhappy Since, his doctors anticipated depressive episodes; hence, he might suffer from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). He had ideation of self harm, considered himself responsible for his parents marital problems Adam agreed for further treatment. He would be admitted in adolescent ward as a voluntary patient. Social factors He had a damaged family. He believed that only his sister considered him to be normal. Adam had stopped biking. He was not interested in preparing for the upcoming competition. The patient ceased himself from biking and reluctant to go to school, confined himself to his home and stopped socializing. Adams family was supportive, confident and optimistic about his recovery. (Serobatse, Du Plessis, Koen, 2014). Plan for Nursing Care Using Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, there are mainly two needs that required to be prioritized in context of patients suffering from psychological disorder (Lee Hanna, 2015). Physiological needs Safety needs Physiological needs are the first level of Maslows hierarchy. It is mainly concerned with the maintenance of human body. It comprises of the fundamental needs, which are crucial for existence. They are water, food, air, shelter and sleep. The Physiological needs are prioritized, as it is a basic need in humans that need to be fulfilled for maintaining life processes (Lester, 2013). Safety needs are the second level of Maslows hierarchy. It is mainly concerned with protection from harm. It comprises of safe shelter, security of job, health and safe surrounding (Datta, 2014). The safety and security needs are prioritized as safety and security are primarily the two most important factors for a human being. If a person is not secured he would not be able to meet up other needs. Hence, the two above mentioned basic needs of Maslows hierarchy had been chosen. Issue Evaluation Goal Interpretation Self- harming tendency Good communication and trust between the patient and nursing staff To ensure patient safety and security as well Assess mental status of the patient constipation related to medication side effects consumer has 1 hour accompanied walk/day Regular elimination established Assess bowel elimination 1/24 hours Lack of sleep Regular exercises To ensure that the patient has a sound sleep Monitoring of the exercise schedule on daily basis Lack of appetite Physical activities like games, aerobics To ensure that the patient is on proper diet Maintaining diet chart for the patient and ensuring that the patient is on balance diet Weight loss Provision of nutritious food to the patient To ensure improvement in patients weight and overall health Regular monitoring of the patients improvement in weight Therapeutic engagement and clinical interpretation Clinical Handover Adam is a 15-year-old Caucasian man male, tall but slim for his age. At the time of examination, he was not dressed well; hairs were not combed properly and had dark circles. He was quiet and sullen throughout the interview. During the interview, he responded to most of the questions with yes or no. He was not making eye contact and had poor concentration level. He was clasping his hands during the interview, looking down at the floor and was almost murmuring (Eggins Slade, 2015). The patients parents and family were concerned about his mental state. He was traumatized and confined himself to his home. He stopped biking and preparing for the upcoming event. Moreover, he abandoned going to school. He had low mood and a loss of appetite. The medical state examiner and the clinical formulation table led to the derivation that the patient, Adam was suffering from Major Depressive Disorder. It was evident from the outcomes of MSE and clinical formulation table that he was traumatized and felt insecured outside home. He was terrorized as his uncle was released. He was terrorized with the thought that the perpetrator might harm him again and make him suffer from depression and pain. The Therapeutic Relationship Therapeutic relationship is a relationship between a patient and a medical/ healthcare professional. It helps in recovery of the patient. Therapeutic relationship is a prerequisite for establishing an effective therapy in patients suffering from mental ailment. The therapeutic relationship is a vital part of nursing care and practices. The therapeutic relationship is central to all nursing practice. The fundamental elements of the therapeutic relationship include respect, empathy and validation. (Keltner, 2013). Cognitive behavioral therapy is such an approach of treating patients with psychosis. It mainly emphasizes on establishing therapeutic relationship with patients. It is comprised of empathy, care, warmth, genuineness, positive attitude and active participation of the consumer (Nolen-Hoeksema Hilt, 2013). The patient can be treated with cognitive behavioral approach, about eight to sixteen sessions over a period of four months. It is seen that in this type of therapeutic pattern, consumers get involved in activities, gain skills to improve social values. Moreover, in this kind of approach the consumer can recognize and reconstruct their behavioral patterns and eliminate their undetermined and self-defeating patterns that lead to mood depressions. The cognitive behavioral therapy furnishes certain therapeutic goals. They typically include stress reduction, increase in acceptance and consideration, quality of life enhancement. It will help the consumer to focus on valuable objectives and directions. The meeting of consumers goal involves acceptance of the previous experiences and symptoms by the patient. Consumers acceptance and trust towards the clinician involved in treating the ailment is another major determinant in the effective treatment of depression (Mohr et al., 2013). Cultural Safety Cultural safetyis an effective nursing practice of a patient by a person belonging to a different cultural background determined by the patient or the family. It can be referred to as a safe environment in terms of social, emotional and physical security (Ramsden, 2015). The culturally safe practices involve recognizing and respecting the cultural integrity of the consumer, fulfill their necessities, and safeguard their rights (Stuart, 2014). The patient, Adam is in his adolescence and had a abusive past. He was depressed and withdrawing from the society and friends. Hence, he must be provided proper care and safety. He confined himself to his family and reluctant to go outside. It is evident that he was insecured and had trust issues. Hence, the primary focus should be towards developing trust with the consumer. The third principle of culturally safe nursing care can be implemented in the interventions. It would help in building rapport with the patient, which would help the nursing care provider to collect more information about the patient and accordingly assess his mental state. It would supplement in providing better care to the patient. A critical assessment of the family and society influence on the victim should be made. The patient had suicide attempts in the past and had self-harm ideation later. Hence, assessment of the patients activity, behaviour, mood changes and mental status is indispensable in this partic ular case. A respectful communication and considerate attitude towards the patient would be appropriate for provision of culturally safe care. Nursing Care and Recovery Model The word Recovery refers to regaining and retention of hope. In context of mental illness recovery can be considered as regaining of an individuals hope, zeal of life and become active. It also involves ways of gaining capabilities, engagement in day to day life, promoting consciousness, regaining identity and optimism. Recovery focused approach means an approach that focuses more on supporting an individuals own potentiality to recovery (Caplan. 2013).The recovery model has six principles (Norman Ryrie, 2013). Uniqueness of the Individual The results from a particular recovery approach is unique to an individual, it varies with people..It focuses more on quality life and social behaviour Own choice Focus on supporting individuals to make their own choice. It helps in balancing duty and care Authority and power Focus on individuals, identifies the requirements and act accordingly. Safeguards human rights and takes care of legal and ethical aspects Respectability and Freedom Focus on being respectful to individuals, their beliefs and ideas. It emphasizes on freedom of individuals and helps in removing discriminations. Inter-Communication and Cooperation Recognizes that individual is themselves having the best understanding of their life and well-being. It gives values on individuals opinion and decisions. Recovery Evaluations Individuals assess their own improvement. It reports on recovery outcomes on the basis of their mental, spiritual, financial and social issues (Mendoza et al., 2014). The patient was detected with lack of sleep and appetite. Moreover, he suffered from mood swings, had poor concentration, low on speech and had self -harming tendency. The medications prescribed to him often had side effects of constipation. The interventions for the issues of the patient were ensuring daily elimination of bowel, some physical activities, games are recommended, delicious yet nutritious food was given to the patient. Hence, the consumer made his own choice, his freedom and respectability was maintained. The interventions recommended comply with the recovery models, as the patient was involved actively in the entire treatment procedure. The food, diet and exercises were scheduled as per the patients choice. The patient was dealt with empathy. A rapport was built so that the patient could communicate with more ease. Hence, inter-communication and cooperation is maintained in providing nursing care to Adam. Patient specific nursing care is crucial for patients suffering from depression, trauma or other mental disorders. The interventions considered for providing patient specific nursing care are for the betterment of the patient. Reference: Caplan, G. (2013).An approach to community mental health(Vol. 3). Routledge. Datta, Y. (2014). Maslows hierarchy of basic needs: An ecological view.Oxford Journal: An International Journal of Business Economics,8(1). Eggins, S., Slade, D. (2015). Communication in clinical handover: improving the safety and quality of the patient experience.Journal of public health research,4(3). Greenham, S. L., Persi, J. (2014). The state of inpatient psychiatry for youth in Ontario: results of the ONCAIPS Benchmarking Survey.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,23(1). Keltner, N. L. (2013).Psychiatric nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Lee, J. M., Hanna, S. D. (2015). Savings Goals and Saving Behavior From a Perspective of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning,26(2). Lester, D. (2013). Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Psychological reports,113(1). Mendoza, J., Wands, M., Hackett, M., Najlepszy, L. P. (2014). Recovery oriented consumer focused practice: Emerging critical success factors in establishing a culture of collaboration to support our most vulnerable community members.International Journal of Integrated Care,14(9). Mohr, D. C., Burns, M. N., Schueller, S. M., Clarke, G., Klinkman, M. (2013). Behavioral intervention technologies: evidence review and recommendations for future research in mental health.General hospital psychiatry,35(4). Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Hilt, L. M. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of depression in adolescents. Routledge. Norman, I., Ryrie, I. (2013).The Art And Science Of Mental Health Nursing: Principles And Practice: A Textbook of Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Ramsden, I. (2015). 1 Towards cultural safety.Cultural Safety in Aotearoa New Zealand, 1. Serobatse, M. B., Du Plessis, E., Koen, M. P. (2014). Interventions to promote psychiatric patients' compliance to mental health treatment: A systematic review.Health SA Gesondheid (Online),19(1). Stuart, G. W. (2014).Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. www.monash.edu.au,. (2016). Retrieved 20 September 2016, from https://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/medicine/psychology/3.1.xml www.psychclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu,. (2016). Retrieved 20 September 2016, from https://psychclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu/mse.pdf

Running of Multinational Internet Firm

Introduction Running a multinational internet firm necessitates a clear understanding of increased existence of values within the diverse cultures involved in the online business. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Running of Multinational Internet Firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The subsystems of the firm have to adjust to an effective organizational structure in order to facilitate different values in the organization. Effective integration of values can be achieved by increasing knowledge in leadership, as this helps in highlighting the changes that are taking place in a given segment. This goes along with creating competent staff as well as evaluating the structure used in relation to the organizational culture. But what type of structure best suits multinational internet retailer? How can someone build a diverse culture that creates room for creativity amongst the technical staff? And how would someone evaluate the success of organizational structure and culture? Type of Structure That Would Best Suit Multinational Internet Retailer In the recent past, it has come to the attention of multinational internet retailers that a number of cultural practices affect their business operations, namely, language used, religion, laws and politics, the level of education, social organizations, and technology, among others (Weitz, 2002). And in this regard, a vast majority of the multinational internet retailers has taken the initiative of evaluating organizational structure that would best suit multinational organizations. The fact that understanding customers’ needs enhances productivity and better management of a given firm makes regionalized organizational structure best suited to a multinational internet retailer. This emanates from the fact that a regionalized organizational structure creates an avenue for corporate culture, thus facilitating decision-making process for each segm ent. More so, a regionalized organizational structure is in a position of recognizing synergies, and this makes it easier to reform them. It works under the platform of midway between the centralization and decentralization, thus facilitating local operations that are based on a global framework.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, a regionalized organizational structure suits a multinational internet retailer because, despite the fact that it would want to operate under a centralized structure in a bid to retain the company’s values and standards, it is extremely hard to achieve organizational goals due to differences in culture and economic status between diverse countries across the globe (Weitz, 2002). Hence, a multinational internet retailer can only acquire speed and comprehensive information of diverse cultural practices and economic capabilities of different regions by strategically placing several regional headquarters, especially in areas characterized by diversity. How Would You Recommend Building a Culture That is Inclusive of Diverse Cultures and Accommodates Highly Creative Technical Staff? In order for an organization to achieve long-term benefits and survival, it must learn how to build a culture that accommodates diverse cultures and highly creative technical staff. However, even though diversity is characterized by innovation, it does not mean that any organization characterized by diversity has creative technical staff (Mead, 2005). Therefore, it is of utmost importance for multinational companies to not only entertain diversity but also acquire knowledge on how diversity can lead to creativity. This knowledge should involve two major factors: accommodating core beliefs of workers and formulating global goals. In accommodating core beliefs of workers, the management should highlight workers beliefs with regard to p erformance achievement, enhance their faith in education by revealing perseverance, exhibit equal value for each worker, and encourage collaboration through promoting inquiry and teamwork that facilitates implementation of new practices (Mead, 2005). global goals, on the other hand, can be achieved by enhancing an effective leadership program that promotes diversity in workplace, increasing the level of engaging employees in the decision making process, increasing the level of challenges in the multinational firm, offering bonus for challenging jobs, and enhancing technology in the operations of the multinational organization (Mead, 2005). How Would You Measure The Success Of Your Organizational Design In Structure And Culture? It is of utmost importance for the management of multinational firms to note that even though cultural diversity is closely associated with performance improvement, it is also faced with a number of challenges. With this is mind, the measurement of success o f an organizational structure and culture should emanate from assessing the impact of culture on the organizational structure adapted, assessing the impact of culture while adapting to a new organizational structure, and assessing the impact of culture on performance of the organization (Mead, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Running of Multinational Internet Firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a fact that multinational organizations are greatly influenced by the culture of people within a given locality. For instance, developed countries are more inclined to coming up with products that take due diligence in environmental conservation than the developing countries. Therefore, the structure adapted by a multinational organization can be termed as successful if it takes consideration of people’s culture living in a particular locality. The impact of culture while adapting to a new organizati onal structure should also be measured since cultural diversity without innovativeness does not amount to profitability (Mead, 2005). The multinational organizations are normally characterized by changes, and therefore they change their vision and mission overtime. In this regard, the structure adapted by a multinational organization can be termed as successful if the workers are ready to approve the innovative ways of carrying out business operations. Culture plays a crucial role on performance of an organization, and this necessitates coming up with an organizational structure that shares a common organizational culture. This emanates from the fact that organizations that lack a discernable culture are characterized by unpredictable performance (Mead, 2005). Therefore, the structure adapted by a multinational organization can be termed as successful if workers from diverse cultures are able to resolve their differences to a level where they can achieve a common ground. Reference s Mead, R. (2005). International management: Cross-cultural dimensions. Malden, Mass: Blackwell.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weitz, B. A., Wensley, R. (2002). Handbook of marketing. London: SAGE. This essay on Running of Multinational Internet Firm was written and submitted by user Kaylyn I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Whats Actually Tested on the ACT Reading section Skills You Need

What's Actually Tested on the ACT Reading section Skills You Need SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Just like the ACT has four different sections, the ACT Reading section has four different types of passages for you to read. This article breaksdown exactly what's on this section of the ACT so you can plan your best approach. First, let's consider how the ACT Reading section is formatted. Format of the ACT Reading The ACT Reading section asks 40 questions in 35 minutes. There are three single passages and one set of paired passages (usually either in the Prose Fiction or Humanities subject areas). Since there are four different categories of passage, this means 10 questions after each one. Each of these questions has four answer choices, A, B, C, and D. Since there are more questions than there are minutes, this leaves you with about 52 seconds per question. Actually, it will be considerably less since you'll be spending a portion of your time reading. This is a doable task, but you'll want to spend some time working on the best waysto manage your time. In terms of the entire test, the Reading section is the third section you do, right after you have a break. This can be really good timing, as the first two sections get you warmed up and then you have a quick break to refresh and refocus. Just like the order of sections, the Reading is consistent in what kinds of passages it presents toyou. Let's take a look at thesubject areas from which the passages are taken. Types of Passages The five passages on the Reading section always come from these four topic areas: humanities, social studies, natural sciences, and literary fiction. You're not expected to have any pre-existing knowledge about any of the passage topics. Everything you need to know to answer the questions will be there in the text. Since these topics can cover a largenumber of subtopics, this chart breaks it down a little more specifically, along with some examples of passage sources from sample ACT Reading questions that introduce passages and help you put them into context. As you can see with the Natural Sciences passage, the blurb might define any subject-specific words that you might need to know to understand the text. A typical social studies passage might be taken from a textbook, a natural sciences passage from an article, a literary narrative direct from a book, and a humanities passage from an essay or memoir. Passage Subject Subtopics Sample ACT Passage Introductions Social Studies anthropology, archaeology, biography, business, economics, education, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology. This passage is adapted from the chapter â€Å"Personality Disorders† in Introduction to Psychology, edited by Rita L. Atkinson and Richard C. Atkinson (1981). Natural Sciences anatomy, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, ecology, geology, medicine, meteorology, microbiology, natural history, physiology, physics, technology, and zoology. This passage is adapted from the article â€Å"How to Build a Baby’s Brain† by Sharon Begley (1997 by Newsweek, Inc.). In this selection, the term neuron refers to a specialized cell of the nervous system, and tomography refers to a method of producing three-dimensional images of internal structures. Literary short stories, excerpts from novels, memoirs, or personal essays This passage is adapted from the novel The Men of Brewster Place by Gloria Naylor (1998). Humanities architecture, art, dance, ethics, film, language, literary criticism, music, philosophy, radio, television, and theater. This passage is adapted from â€Å"A Poem of One’s Own,† an essay by Mary Jo Salter in which she discusses feminist literary critics’ recent reappraisal of women’s writing. The essay was taken from Audiences and Intentions: A Book of Arguments (1994). If you feel much more confident about reading about the natural sciences, for example, than about social studies, you might choose to locate that passage in your Reading section and do that one first. Some students skip around so they can answer questions about their favoritesubjects first. The questions are not ordered by difficulty, so it's fineto choose your own order, as long as you're not wasting valuable time trying to choose where to start. Now that you have a sense of what kind of passages you'll encounter, let's talk about the skills tested on the ACT Reading section. You'll need some different skills for the ACT Reading. Skills Tested on ACT Reading What skills do you need to bring to the table to understand and answer questions about these passages? According to the ACT, you must use referring and reasoning skills to accomplish the following: Understand main ideas Locate details within a passage and interpret them Interpret sequence of events and flow of ideas Make comparisons Understand cause-effect relationships Determine the meaning of words, phrases, and statements in context (these are usually straightforward, but may be used in an unusual or significant way in context) Draw generalizations Analyze the author's or narrator's tone and purpose These are all skills that you develop and improve upon in your English classes. You can further hone your skills by reading widely and often. The ACT asks 5 main types of questions in order to test these skills. I'll break down these 5 question types and give examples below so you know exactly what to expect and how you can prepare. Types of ACT Reading Questions The 5 main types of questions on the ACT Reading test these skills of understanding main ideas, locating details, and interpreting purpose and voice. Not only will you keep a close eye on what's directly stated, you'll also be called upon to interpret and analyze implied meanings. There's not huge leeway for interpretation, though - even seemingly subjective questions will only ever have one 100% unambiguously correct answer. Without further ado,the 5 types of questions on the ACT Reading: 1. Main Idea These questions ask you about the main point or theme of the passage. For example: The main point of this passage is to: A. illustrate the importance of genetics in the formation of a baby's brain.B. illustrate the importance of stimulation and experience in the formation of a baby's brain.C. indicate the great need for conducting further research on babies' brains.D. compare the latest research on babies' brains with similar research conducted fifteen years ago. 2. Detail These questions will often refer you to a specific line in the text and ask what it means. For example: The fourth paragraph (lines 31-37) establishes all of the following EXCEPT: A. that Abshu had foster brothersB. that the Masons maintained a clean house.C. how Mother Mason felt about the location of their house.D. what Abshu remembered most about his years with the Masons. 3. Vocabulary These questions will point you to a specific word or phrase and ask what it means or how it functions in context. These questions often point to a common word or phrase that might be being used in an unusual way. For example: As it is used in line 65, the termthe edge refers to a place where Abshu felt: A. most aliveB. unfulfilledC. defeatedD. most competitive 4. Function Development These questions ask you to describe the effect of a phrase, sentence, or paragraph in the context of an entire passage. Function questions tend to be about smaller amounts of text: For example: The narrator’s statement â€Å"I am looking at the MOON, I told myself, I am looking at the MOON† (lines 60–62) is most nearly meant to: F. reflect the excitement of the astronauts as they prepare to land.G. illustrate the narrator’s disappointment with the moon’s barren appearance.H. express the narrator’s irritation at having to wait for Apollo to land.J. convey the narrator’s awe at the event that is being broadcast. Development questions, on the other hand, will as you to think about larger ideas. How are ideas arranged within the passage? Does the passage introduce its thesis right away, or eventually build up to its main point? Does it offer countering opinions, or does each paragraph expand on the previous? For example: The last paragraph of Passage A (lines 37-49) marks a shift in the passage from: A. a description of events leading up to a sudden action by the narrator to a reflection on the intentions and meanings behind that action.B. an overview of a family dilemma to an explanation of how the narrator solved that dilemma.C. an example of the narrator's typical response to family events to an analysis of the narrator's personality.D. a chronology of a historical event to a summary of the narrator's circumstances at the time. 5. Implied Ideas These are inference questions. What does a line, paragraph, or the whole passage imply? For example: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that which of the following is a cherished dream that Abshu expects to make a reality in his lifetime? A. Establishing himself financially so as to be able to bring his original family back under one roofB. Seeing the children at the community center shift their interest from sports to the dramatic artsC. Building on the success of the community center by opening other centers like it throughout the stateD. Expanding for some, if not all, of the children the vision they have of themselves and their futures These examples illustrate the question types, but if you want to see the passages they refer to and understand them in context, you can read them them here, as well as try theremaining questions. To equip yourself with the tools you need to tackle these questions, you should study up on the literary terms you've learned in your English classes. Don't just study their definitions, but actively apply them to texts that you read, as you'll have to do on the ACT Reading. There's a big difference between knowing that tone refers to the attitude a work takes towards its subjects or audience, whether it be formal, playful, or condescending,and actually determining the tone of a given text. Let's touch on some other approaches and strategies you need toknow to excelon the ACT Reading. Tips and Strategies for the ACT Reading By knowing how the test works, you're already taking an informed approach to the ACT Reading and eliminating the chance of unexpected surprises on test day. You also want to plan your approach for reading the passages and balancing your time between reading and answering questions. Is it better to read the passage or the questions first? Should you read thoroughly or skim? You can learn more about the best approaches for ensuring your reading comprehension while making good time here. Your mindset plays an important role in your reading comprehension, too. If you can try to make yourself really interested in the passages and intrigued by the random information you're about to learn, you'll actually be able to read faster and retain more. Read this article for more tips on the best way to practice ACT Reading. The ACT tests your ability to recall information quickly and use evidence to back up your answers. The best way to practice these skills is through ACT Reading test prep with high quality questions and simply through reading extensively in and out of school. While this approach is more difficult to measure, frequent reading will make you a sharper and better reader over time. For more strategies for conquering the ACT Reading section, you can read alltheimportant tips from this perfect 36 scorer. Again, knowing exactly what's on the test is the first step in your preparation, so you're already making progressin your quest to conquer the ACT Reading. What's Next? The best way to prep for the ACT is with official ACT practice questions. Check out these 5 official printable ACT Tests, along with 6 strategies to get the most out of your studying. Are you aiming for perfection on the ACT, one section at a time? This full scorer explains how he got a 36 on the ACT and how his strategies can work for you, too. What ACT scores are you aiming for? Rather than just seeing what happens, you can take control by determining your target scores and following the test prep plan you need to achieve them. Read all about how to set your target ACT scores here. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

3 Types of Recommendation Letters

3 Types of Recommendation Letters A recommendation letter is a written reference that offers information about your character. Recommendation letters may include details about your personality, work ethic, community involvement, and/or academic achievements. Recommendation letters are used by many people for many different occasions. There are three basic categories or recommendation letters: academic recommendations, employment recommendations, and character recommendations. Here is an overview of each type of recommendation letter along with information on who uses them and why. Academic Recommendation Letters Academic letters of recommendation are typically used by students during the admissions process. During admissions, most schools- undergraduate and graduate alike- expect to see at least one, preferably two or three, recommendation letters for each applicant. Recommendation letters provide admission committees with information that may or may not be found in a college application, including academic and work achievements, character references, and personal details. Students might request recommendations from former teachers, principals, deans, coaches, and other education professionals who are familiar with the students academic experience or extracurricular achievements. Other recommenders may include employers, community leaders, or mentors. Employment Recommendations Letters of recommendation for employment and career references are a major tool of individuals who are trying to get a new job. Recommendations can be put on a website, sent in with a resume, supplied when an application is filled out, used as part of a portfolio, or handed out during employment interviews. Most employers ask job candidates for at least three career references. Therefore, its a good idea for job seekers to have at least three recommendation letters on hand. Generally, employment recommendation letters include information about employment history, job performance, work ethic, and personal accomplishments. The letters are usually written by former (or current employers) or a direct supervisor. Coworkers are also acceptable, but not as desirable as employers or supervisors. Job applicants who do not have enough formal work experience to secure recommendations from an employer or supervisor should seek recommendations from community or volunteer organizations. Academic mentors are also an option. Character References Character recommendations or character references are often used for housing accommodations, legal situations, child adoption, and other similar situations where understanding a persons character is important. Almost everyone needs this type of recommendation letter at some point in their life. These recommendation letters are often written by former employers, landlords, business associates, neighbors, doctors, acquaintances, etc. The most appropriate person varies depending on what the letter of recommendation will be used for. Asking For a Recommendation Letter You should never wait until the last minute to get a recommendation letter. It is important to give your letter writers time to craft a useful letter that will make the right impression. Start seeking academic recommendations at least two months before you need them. Employment recommendations can be collected throughout your work life. Before you leave a job, ask your employer or supervisor for a recommendation. You should try to get a recommendation from every supervisor you have worked for. You should also get recommendation letters from landlords, people you pay money to, and people you do business with so that you have character references on hand should you ever need them.

Reflection on teaching Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflection on teaching - Research Paper Example Transformation learning theory remains a useful tool in designing adult education. Transformative learning theorists such as Edward Taylor, Patricia Cranton, Robert Body, and Robert Kegan have contributed greatly to the field of education. Their works identified factors that characterize transformative learning. They pointed the challenges face by educators in transformational learning environments. Their contribution to the transformational theory enhanced adult education. This reflective essay focuses on the contribution of the above theorists in enhancing adult education. Understanding the meaning of transformative learning is crucial since it enables us to understand how different adult teaching approaches work. I realized that the term transformational is used in different concepts to refer to idealized adult learning based on the nature of human communication. Jack Mezirow, who developed the theory of transformative learning in 1978 appreciated the importance of reflection in l earning. As we grow, we experience different situations, which change our perspectives (Taylor & Cranton, 2012). I had never realized the effects the different experiences have on our views. However, the transformational learning theory empowered me to understand that the different experiences accumulate and are the raw materials for transformation learning which occurs during adulthood. ... Based on the difference, the learner is able to make appropriate decision or changes. In my understanding, transformative learning encompasses trying to solve an existing problem using a new approach. It enables learners to expand their conscientiousness. During transformative learning, the learners become aware of the different selves within their psyche. Additionally, the learners become aware of their expectations and assumptions as well as those of other and interpret them to assess their relevance. .By assessing other people’s perspectives, the student learns to accept other people views. Studies on transformative learning have been used in altering learning environments to enhance adult education. Adult learners can be taught using different methods. Edward Taylor, a renowned contributor of transformative leaning, argued that the learning environment determined the level of openness demonstrated by learners. I agree with this since I also learn differently in different e nvironment. Taylor argued that ideal leaning conditions should encourage students’ autonomy and participation. Additionally, Taylor described effective instruction methods as those that promote learner centered teaching approach (Taylor & Cranton, 2012). Recent approaches on transformative learning emphasize on learning through intuitive and unconscious processes. Patricia Cranton is one theorist who has studied the role of intuitive and unconscious process in decision-making. Cranton’s views on informative learning helped me appreciate the role of reflection in learning. It is sitting back to contemplate on ones views, compare them with those of others and